Initially designated Izdeliye 03 to confuse outsiders, the MiG-21R's official "type" designation was Izdeliye 94R.

Besides the gruesome appearance of what is happening, many doctors fear that the relentless chaos of emergency care can confuse outsiders, no matter how many times they have watched "E.R." Cathie Guzzetta, a co-author of the Parkland study, acknowledged that some family members might not be prepared for the stress.

It is uncertain why such a multitude of meanings is employed for the initials, although it likely used to tip off V.F.D. members to the presence of fellow members or of V.F.D.-related activities, or perhaps to confuse outsiders as to the meaning of the true name of the organization itself.

The main purpose appears to have been to confuse outsiders, including the police.

If the Mondays' sound and scene is the new punk, it's because it's designed to confuse and repel outsiders.

A related tendency that confuses outsiders is the reluctance among older generations to accept and wield their country's power and influence.

That was another thing that tended to confuse outsiders to whom the Navy's inexplicable customs remained a foreign language.