So these modes take the basic cryptographic operations and make them a little more complicated.

It's the movement of some sensitive cryptographic operations into hardware for the sole purpose of preventing malicious software from having access to those operations.

Contains the address of that Future Key Register whose contents are being used in the current cryptographic operation.

A second register used in performing cryptographic operations.

The processing time is comparable to online transactions, in which communications delay accounts for the majority of the time, while cryptographic operations take comparatively little time.

So hardware acceleration of cryptographic operations was not uncommon and was much more common back then.

Simply by observing variations in how long it takes to perform cryptographic operations, it might be possible to determine the entire secret key.

We're doing cryptographic operations, control operations.

That's too little space (and computing power) to perform serious cryptographic operations.

According to its abstract, it specifies interindustry commands for integrated circuit cards (either with contacts or without contacts) that may be used for cryptographic operations.