The backups may not be as efficient as the first-line components, but they allow the machine to keep going even as damage accumulates.
As the damage accumulates, symptoms associated with the functions of these brain areas appear.
More than that, sunburned skin is sun-damaged skin, and this damage accumulates over time.
As this damage accumulates, it can lead to malfunctioning cells or cell death.
Furthermore, damage done to characters accumulates between turns, making combat more expensive for both the attacker and defender.
Consequently the repair function will be deficient or altered, and damages will accumulate.
As more damage accumulates, the risk of cancer increases.
We can design them to stop working long before enough damage accumulates to make a lasting mutation a significant possibility.
How does your 'alarm clock' know what time it is - by looking at how much damage has accumulated to the cells and systems within the body.
This damage can accumulate over several generations.