The researchers co-founded the company Akubio in 2001 to exploit the discovery; the company developed biosensors for detecting bacteria and viruses.

Extraction of DNA from the sample's cells is an early step in detecting bacteria.

A TEST developed recently to detect bacteria that cause gum disease is opening the way to improved dental treatment, experts say.

Skin, hair, or nails may be cultured to detect bacteria, fungi, or viruses.

Immunoassay: detect bacteria, viruses and cancers based on antigen-antibody reactions.

Microbiological culture, which determines the presence or absence of microbes in a sample from the body, usually targeted at detecting pathogenic bacteria.

A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages.

A blood sample, sputum sample, or nasal swab may be done to detect bacteria or viruses.

This system cannot detect resistant bacteria, which do not physically disrupt the β-Lactam antibiotic because there is no mass change.

It is also used in media to detect unwanted bacteria by suppressing yeasts and molds in beer fermentation.