Imports were tightly restricted to reduce competition for domestic monopolies.
The extreme case would be when the removal of NTBs led to a domestic monopoly becoming a perfectly competitive market.
If they're playing for a domestic monopoly on crude oil, why not take over and control the refineries, too?
If regulations that are no longer needed to protect consumers from domestic monopolies were eliminated, U.S. companies would be better equipped to take on foreign behemoths.
In this instance, it is notable that the domestic monopoly did not create inefficiency.
In his view, domestic monopolies generate inequality and poverty and global trade damages the industrial base and the global environment.
Mr Borja, hounded by industrialists eager to protect domestic monopolies, is stalling.
The ban on other languages operates like import controls to give a domestic monopoly to local people.
A subsequent patent renewal in 1849, and aggressive litigation against infringements, gave Colt a domestic monopoly on revolver development until the middle 1850s.
He also secured the Lallement patent as the foundation for a domestic monopoly.