The end of the Empire in 1889 and the foundation of the republic was a reactionary development following the Lei Áurea in 1888, which had created a serious threat to the interests of the economic and political oligarchy.

Mr. Chernomyrdin's return had been pressed on Mr. Yeltsin for some time by the Russian economic oligarchy, in particular by Boris Berezovsky, who once served as Mr. Yeltsin's national security adviser.

With the decline of Nri kingdom in the 1400-1600 AD, several states once under their influence, became powerful economic oracular oligarchies and large commercial states that dominated Igboland.

In Moscow an economic oligarchy, composed of politicians, banks, businesspeople, security forces, and city agencies, controlled a huge percentage of Russia's financial assets under the rule of Moscow's energetic and popular mayor, Yuriy Luzhkov.

As power has been extended to a variety of interests, first through capitalism, and then through democracy, so oligarchies - both political and economic - have been able to manipulate words in their favour.

This false stability hid, for a time, the misery of the common people, the poor economic distribution of Spain's belated industrial revolution, caciquism, and the triumph of an economic and political oligarchy.

They ranged from Hamilton's centralizing economic oligarchy, to Adams's waverings between authority and equality, to Jefferson's fuzzy, sometimes hugely contradictory but nonetheless steady impulse toward popular democracy.

That will end the economic and political oligarchy as a despotic power and brings about a political condition for true participation of average citizens in their matters.

His only crime was to be a part of the economic oligarchy.

Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders.