In the decision, the tax court ruled that it did not find any "economic substance" to the transactions, other than to avoid taxes.

He also repeated his call for Congress to enact the "doctrine of economic substance."

Artificial losses, which have no economic substance, are one sign of an abusive tax shelter.

"Instead, as a matter of economic substance, it is not clear that anything was really being bought or sold."

"Instead, we created the appearance of economic substance, rather than the reality."

Most people of any economic substance, and many who were on medicare or medicaid, had personal doctors.

Black & Decker argued that the transaction did have economic substance because it affected employees and their benefits.

Our Union, now enlarged to twenty-five countries, has greater political, geographical and economic substance.

"And how many women of economic substance do we have?"

One woman of unchallenged economic substance was, in fact, sponsoring the current tournament here.