Utilities would then be issued permits to pollute, with emissions linked to past rates of discharge.

President Bush's shift last week toward cutting worldwide emissions linked to global warming was greeted with widespread skepticism.

The treaty, the first to require cuts in emissions linked to global warming, would take effect 90 days after Parliament's approval, a formality that was widely expected.

President Vladimir V. Putin said Russia had not yet decided whether to ratify the international treaty aimed at reducing emissions linked to global warming.

The GX not only emits less smog-causing compounds than a gasoline car, it also produces about 25 percent less of the emissions linked to global warming.

Environmentalists, citing a growing body of scientific research, have said that reducing emissions linked to climate change is an urgent concern.

In addition, black carbon is a form of particulate matter, which is a category of emissions linked to premature mortality and disability.

But the report seemed to please no one: environmentalists were upset it called only for voluntary measures to cut emissions linked to the problem.

"The fact that we rejected the Kyoto protocols was extremely shortsighted," he said, referring to the international treaty on reducing emissions linked to global warming.

The United States remains the leading source of the carbon dioxide, the main emission linked to global warming.