Quite the contrary, the Labor Department says employment in manufacturing has shrunk by 664,000 since the recession officially ended 27 months ago.

According to Statistics Canada, employment in manufacturing shrank by 4.8 percent, or 111,000 jobs, last year, the biggest fall in a decade.

Even with the third Seawolf, Electric Boat says its employment will shrink to 7,500 workers by 1997 from 17,500 now.

Over the last 18 months, manufacturing employment has shrunk by 532,000 jobs, to 18.4 million.

As of 2012 with the end of series automotive production, employment has shrunk to 821.

In the securities industry alone, employment shrank by 11,000 in 1988 after average gains of 12,000 a year in the previous five years.

The numbers, which cast doubt on the strength of the economic recovery, mean total employment has shrunk by 585,000 since Mr. Bush took office.

The answer is that employment for people formerly on welfare does not automatically shrink the problems that poor people encounter.

In numerous cases, agricultural production and employment will even shrink, without being compensated for by the development of second pillar activities.

At Schuman Lichtenstein, employment shrank from 62 people in 1988 to 42 last year.