Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of appropriate estimation techniques for equations incorporating future expectations variables.

Other circuits can only be analyzed with specialized software programs or estimation techniques such as the piecewise-linear model.

This method should be used as one of a number of estimation techniques to obtain a more accurate estimate.

Finally, the data related to individual income taxpayers continues to improve based on improved estimation techniques and newer data.

However, the estimation techniques differ among studies, which could be the cause of slight inconsistencies in the reported statistics.

Common estimation techniques include comparable sales, depreciated cost, and an income approach.

Some of the more common estimation techniques for linear regression are summarized below.

Moreover, even within the simplified model, more efficient estimation techniques are well known.

This fact is the main problem faced by scientists in the evaluation of treatment effects and has triggered a large body of estimation techniques.

The repeated use of the above two equations as more observations become available lead to recursive estimation techniques.