Capital 'M' Métis refers to a particular sociocultural heritage and an ethnic self-identification that is not entirely racially based.

Social blanqueamiento happens in many Latin American countries and can take the form of ethnic self-identification.

It is only in the last population census (1989) that the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely declared on the basis of the respondent's ethnic self-identification.

The term ethnic Yugoslavs referred to those who exclusively viewed themselves as Yugoslavs with no other ethnic self-identification.

Statistics Canada produces statistics about the Canadian population, including composition by ethnic self-identification.

The term is presently used by the following sub-ethnic groups of Greeks as a way of ethnic self-identification:

The linguistic identity and ethnic self-identification of the people associated with this culture is impossible to ascertain.

This term was used often by the "Byzantines" (along with Rhomaios) for ethnic self-identification.

People's ethnic self-identification was 94.7% Slovak and 1.4% Czech.

The ethnic and national self-identification of the inhabitants is quite different along ethnic lines.