The measured value of wall velocity gradient is independent of the fluid properties and as a result does not require calibration.

The working fluid properties are essential for the full description of thermodynamic systems.

A flow tracer is any fluid property used to track flow.

We can see from this that the regime and the drag coefficient depend only on the sphere's weight and the fluid properties.

This equation expands to the following with the addition of physical fluid properties:

Each member of the ensemble will have nominally identical boundary conditions and fluid properties.

Flow tracer, any fluid property used to track fluid motion:

Depending on the fluid under investigation, the particles must be able to match the fluid properties reasonably well.

The latter reveals that they also have a wave-like nature and do not exhibit standard fluid properties, such as friction.

Steady-state flow refers to the condition where the fluid properties at a point in the system do not change over time.