At this point, the system "is formally equivalent to an ideal gas of massive bosons."

It is formally equivalent to the categorical distribution.

This procedure is formally equivalent to the conditional choice procedure use with rats.

The change of title implied that it was formally equivalent to the other squadrons, so its commanding officer would likewise be a rear admiral.

At the core of these and myriad other examples is a conflict formally equivalent to the Prisoner's Dilemma.

This procedure is formally equivalent to linear Slow Feature Analysis [3].

The bandit problem is formally equivalent to a one-state Markov decision process.

Although formally equivalent, different problems may be solved more easily in the Fokker-Planck equation or the path integral formulation.

When computing virtual differentials of quantities that are functions of space and time coordinates, no dependence on time is considered (formally equivalent to saying ).

All such Moyal brackets are formally equivalent among themselves, in accordance with a systematic theory.