The gene accounts for about 21 percent of all diabetes cases; more than a third of Americans carry one copy.
And in the twins' overall score, derived from 28 questions, genes accounted for 53 percent of the differences.
The finding has no immediate practical importance, since the gene accounts for such a small percentage of intelligence.
Together the two genes account for the great majority of cases of hereditary breast cancer.
By current estimates, he says, "our genes account for only 30 percent of our health."
However, these genes account for a small proportion of variance in reading disability, often less than 0.5%.
Because the known genes account for only a fraction of all the cases, women without the genes are not in the clear.
Previous studies show that genes account for at most 50 percent of a given trait.
But genes cannot account for the soaring rates of diabetes in the United States.
The gene accounts for a large percentage of cases of hereditary colon cancer.