The aorta gives off several paired branches as it descends in the thorax.

The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches.

It gives off tonsillary branches to the palatine tonsils.

Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side.

The facial nerve gives off several branches in the face.

It gives off muscular branches to the Semispinalis capitis, and occasionally a twig to the back of the auricula.

Both nerves give off muscular branches to both these muscles.

The splenic artery gives off branches to the stomach and pancreas before reaching the spleen.

All arteries involved give off cortical and central branches.

About the middle of their course they give off lateral cutaneous branches.