What techniques does YVO use to measure ground deformation?

There are a variety of techniques that can be used to monitor ground deformation.

The earliest measurements of ground deformation in Yellowstone used precise surveying of elevation changes.

This property is used in stress gauges to monitor ground deformations from earthquakes and explosions.

During several independent field studies cracks and other ground deformations were observed on both the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian sides of the gulf.

However, glacial isostatic adjustment of the ice sheets affect ground deformation and the gravity field today.

Severe ground deformations resulted from the earthquake.

Most cases of ground deformation are usually detectable only by sophisticated equipment used by scientists, but they can still predict future eruptions this way.

The ground deformations became apparent in 2003, and the redevelopment started in 2007.

Although the earthquake had a large magnitude, surprisingly, it produced little ground deformation on land areas.