The early plan for gates caused worries that they might be expensive to maintain and might not work as well as simply building higher levees.
Here's what's happening: a huge Democratic storm surge is heading toward a high Republican levee.
As he spoke, water from the Missouri continued to spill over a levee 32 feet high beside what had been the highway.
Colusa is on the Sacramento River, which has a high levee so that the river is not clearly apparent from the city.
An 11 m high levee protects the town.
The rivers are bounded by high levees that protect low lying areas from flooding.
On the land side of high levees, a low terrace of earth known as a banquette is usually added as another anti-erosion measure.
This area was submerged during the Great Flood of 1993; higher levees built since then have led to extensive commercial development in the valley.
The Sewage and Water Board recommended higher levees to protect the city from flooding on the Lake side.
The pump was designed to lift a large volume of water over levees some 10 m high into Lake Pontchartrain.