In a similar study, John Hoogland followed individual males through different stages of life.

The female's vocalizations sometimes attracted several individual males in short order, which attempted to duet with the female.

However, multiple mates for a female means an individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring.

Because these groups did not include females there was no reason why individual males should fight one another for their possession and exploitation.

Coalitions can also give an individual male the confidence to challenge a dominant male.

An individual male may have a repertoire of more than 100 phrases, many copied from its parents and neighbouring birds.

Not only are there variations between islands and within an island, but individual males on the Azores can have up to three song types.

Slight differences in vocalisations mean that individual males can be distinguished by their calls.

So, the individual males were going three times an hour for thirty-six hours.