This caused widespread outrage in Europe, and fourteen members of the European Union imposed informal diplomatic sanctions against Austria's federal administration.

Because nothing in the legal framework of the European Union supported an official measure, informal (and officially non-existent) "sanctions" were imposed by mutual consent.

Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.

Generally speaking, deviancy is criminalized when it is too disruptive and has proved uncontrollable through informal sanctions.

The motivation could be hope for social esteem, benefits from being perceived as a cooperator or just the avoidance of informal sanctions.

In other words, assess morality very informally and apply only informal sanctions or punishments with little or no need for force.

Discipline, bullying and informal sanctions.

The ad says that unauthorized disclosure to Congress, even of illegal conduct, "could result in informal, and possibly even formal, administrative sanctions."

These informal social sanctions display potency despite competing values in a changing society.

Indeed, it was informal sanctions which were relied on until very recently in policing fraudulent and undesirable practices in the City of London.