The voltage variation is two times the initial voltage if losses are neglected, in reality it is approximately 1.6 times the initial voltage.

To verify its zero state linearity set the voltage around the capacitor at time 0 equal to 0, or , meaning that there is no initial voltage.

Fluorescent lamps require a ballast to stabilize the current through the lamp, and to provide the initial striking voltage required to start the arc discharge.

This will affect the initial voltage of the battery.

For an AA alkaline battery, this initial voltage is approximately normally distributed around 1.6 volts.

A high initial voltage allows for easy arc initiation and allows for a greater range of working tip distance.

A special resonant circuit in the ballast produces an initial high voltage on the coil to start a gas discharge; thereafter the voltage is reduced to normal running level.

It might actually make the initial voltage pretty low.

This surge in current helps build the initial voltage needed to establish the electrical arc through the gas.

An alternative method, used in instant-start fluorescent lamps, is to apply a very high initial voltage to the electrodes.