Its "House of Wisdom" ('Beyt al-Ḥikma') was the intellectual hub of the Muslim world.

So after he assumed the toga of manhood his father put him on a ship and sent him to Alexandria, the intellectual hub of the world.

It is the country's capital and intellectual hub, an enlightened, pedestrian-friendly city with 75 miles of urban arteries turned over to cyclists and walkers every Sunday.

Ashoka also helped to develop viharas (intellectual hubs) such as Nalanda and Taxila.

Alexandria," he says, pointing at a slide, "was the intellectual hub of the ancient world.

Instead there were opportunities and ideas packed into bustling Pest, which was dotted with cafes, the social and intellectual hubs of the day.

It was a key institution in the Translation Movement and is considered to have been a major intellectual hub during the Islamic Golden Age.

From this intellectual hub, the movement radiated out to the colonies to encompass a fair number of people from all walks of life.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the town became the commercial and intellectual hub of Madras city and home to British-educated lawyers and statesmen.

She outlines China's civil war and tracks Shanghai's role as an intellectual hub of the Communist revolution.