Surveillance by reconnaissance aircraft and intelligence satellites will be increased.

The United States now has intelligence satellites that can eavesdrop on conversations almost anywhere in the world.

Indeed, several experts pointed to the dozens of classified military and intelligence satellites roving space as a daunting issue.

The Americans also offered a "mechanism for compliance," using intelligence satellites and other means.

The debate concerned the value of intelligence satellites over spies.

And any centrifuge plant big enough for weapons production should be spotted by intelligence satellites, leaving time for diplomatic pressure and military action if necessary.

Mr. Williams gave several reasons for the buildup, which is being monitored largely through pictures taken by intelligence satellites.

The United States is extremely dependent on intelligence satellites that our adversaries, like Iraq, could shoot down.

Such pictures have been readily available since the first program of American intelligence satellites, called Corona, became obsolete and was declassified in 1995.

An infrared camera on an intelligence satellite recorded an explosion at virtually the same coordinates as the mountain that same day.