Poor water quality and intermittent supply impose high costs on households to cope with these deficiencies.
However, actual consumption is typically lower because of intermittent supply and low water pressure.
Problems associated with metering arise particularly in the case of intermittent supply, which is common in many developing countries.
However, service quality was poor with intermittent supply, high water losses and no metering.
People in the town spoke of harsh living conditions, saying there was little food available and only intermittent supplies of water and electricity.
He identified intermittent supply, relatively low efficiency, and the cost and complexity of conversion as negative factors.
Tokelau will also have no more worries over changing fuel prices and intermittent supplies.
The remaining 60 percent receive only intermittent supply that can reach only 6 hours per day in the north of the Gaza strip.
However, progress is apparently slow, as water distribution losses are still estimated at 50% in 2010 and more than 100,000 inhabitants suffer from intermittent supply.
For example, Riyadh experiences water shortages and intermittent supply, especially during the summer peak demand.