The amount of energy required is called the ionization potential.
Thus, the actual ionization potential is also affected by the "poorer stability" of an electron on a higher orbital.
Xenon propellant is used because of its high atomic weight and low ionization potential.
You will need to look up first, second, third, and if possible fourth ionization potential.
Mercury is used because of its high vapor pressure and low ionization potential.
Replies: Look up the "first ionization potential" of that atom.
When the temperature drops below the ionization potential, atoms become statistically favorable.
The ionization potential is determined experimentally at 11 to 13.5 electron-volts.
The nebula contains ions of extremely high ionization potential.
In the simplest case, a single photon has sufficient energy to overcome the ionization potential.