G.M.'s stock slid in heavy trading as investors reacted to the company's labor accord with Canadian workers.
Such measures can be used as cudgels in an attempt to engineer a labor accord.
Over the weekend, Western Union replaced most of its 2,500 unionized workers who are negotiating a new labor accord.
The decision is Doty's unless the players and owners are able to reach a labor accord.
But even if United can win new labor accords, other obstacles remain to Mr. Wolf's plan.
Last week Eastern's management and unions issued a joint statement on safety that may signal a new measure of labor accord.
Miller had been pleased with the labor accord Kuhn brokered in 1969, but their relationship deteriorated over the years.
But critics of the administration are skeptical that the labor accord will make much difference in the city's recycling schedule.
The number of jobs in the newsroom, as in virtually all departments, will be reduced significantly under the terms of the labor accords.
Platinum futures fell on South African miners' labor accord.