The cloaca is a common rear opening in land vertebrates.

Their descendants, the birds, number 9,000 living species, and are the most diverse group of land vertebrates.

Their fossil record goes back 400 million years, before any land vertebrates had evolved.

Fish represent a grade, as they have given rise to the land vertebrates.

It is a normal feature in many types of land vertebrates, especially mammals.

In other words, it lacks the land vertebrates or tetrapods, which descended from fish.

It is the earliest known example of an infection in a land vertebrate.

Mammals and birds emerged as dominant land vertebrates in the age of new life.

Reptile is the common name for one of the main groups of land vertebrates.

Also like land vertebrates, the palate was fused with the brain case.