In the 15th century, they inhabited a region between the lower Volga and the Aral Sea.

In the early 1900s, fifteen to thirty million fish were harvested annually from the lower Volga.

They reached the Kalmyk steppe on the lower Volga.

This time the invaders came to stay, and they built for themselves a capital, called Sarai, on the lower Volga.

The area surrounding the lower Volga was populated by various Turkic tribes since the 6th century AD.

Around 1630 the Kalmyks migrated from Dzungaria and took over most of the Nogai lands on the lower Volga.

This area had a fair amount of open steppe and corresponded roughly to the 'Nogai Road', the raiding trail from the lower Volga.

They collected tribute from the neighboring tribes and in turn paid tribute to the Khazars on the lower Volga.

In the late of 1950s Ovchinnikov had traveled at the lower Volga and the Caspian Sea.

He envisioned direct shipment of oil through a 1,800-mile route from the lower Volga to Saint Petersburg and Finland.