This allows imaging specimens prepared in vitreous ice, the preferred preparation technique for imaging individual molecules or macromolecular assemblies.

Because these files are sometimes used to describe macromolecular assemblies or molecules represented in explicit solvent, they can grow very large and are often compressed.

Caspar-Klug theory has played an important part in shaping the subsequent study of viruses and other macromolecular assemblies.

Quasi-equivalence continues to be an important component of the philosophical basis for how we think about macromolecular assemblies.

Force spectroscopy - probes the mechanical properties of individual molecules or macromolecular assemblies using small flexible cantilevers, focused laser light, or magnetic fields.

J.R. Williamson (2008), Cooperativity in macromolecular assembly, Nature Chemical Biology 4, 458- 465.

Molecular self-assembly underlies the construction of biologic macromolecular assemblies in living organisms, and so is crucial to the function of cells.

In more recent times, cryo-electron microscopy of large macromolecular assemblies and computational protein structure prediction of small protein domains are two methods approaching atomic resolution.

Showed that the multivalent ligands (compounds that possess multiple binding groups) can act by different mechanisms to create different types of macromolecular assemblies.

Protein footprinting involves the study of the surface of proteins to investigate protein structure or how they assemble and interact within a larger macromolecular assembly.