Heterogeneity in the probability of HIV transmission per sexual contact: the case of male-to-female transmission in penile-vaginal intercourse.

Roddy R, Zekeng L, Ryan K, Tamoufe U, Weir S, Wong E. A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9-film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.

Although the risk is not as high as for male-to-male and male-to-female transmission, it is still present.

Female-to-male transmission of the virus is much less likely than male-to-female transmission.

Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: a probabilistic empiric model.

It is possible, but not yet adequately assessed, that male circumcision could reduce male-to-female transmission of HIV, although probably to a lesser extent than female-to-male transmission.