IXL has since announced a management overhaul and plans to lay off 350 employees.

At America West, Texas Pacific initiated an even more extensive management overhaul.

But people inside and outside the company, all of whom requested anonymity, said other forces prompted the management overhaul.

Staff cuts and management overhauls have given companies opportunities to save money by unloading workers whose personal circumstances, they think, may require special attention.

As part of today's announcements, NEC announced a management overhaul, which had been expected.

During a management overhaul in February 2007, Discovery announced Campbell was leaving the company.

Pilgrim has been shut down since April 1986 for a series of repairs and management overhauls.

He has been appointed vice chairman and senior credit policy officer of the parent corporation in the continuing management overhaul at the financially troubled banking company.

Also crucial were a return to understated styling, huge investments in promotion and a management overhaul.

The management overhaul took place on Feb. 27, 2003, as the Interpublic board responded to months of operational and financial turmoil.