This is believed to have developed because it increases the survival of the infant and reduces the metabolic costs on the female.

Communal hibernation may be an adapted strategy to reduce metabolic cost while trying to keep their body temperatures above freezing.

This, in turn, increases the metabolic costs of walking and leads to faster muscle fatigue.

The metabolic cost of transport for jellyfish is high when compared to a fish of equal mass.

However, continuous toxin production and excretion carries a metabolic cost.

In scaling birds of similar shape it has also been seen that larger individuals have less metabolic cost per kg than smaller species.

This allows plants to grow without incurring the metabolic costs of anaerobic respiration.

If the help is larger than the metabolic cost in both directions, both win by helping the other.

Molecules created at metabolic cost in B and secreted can help A reproduce faster.

The reduced leakage currents also mean there is little need for active pumping in order to compensate, therefore low metabolic cost.