Despite the partitions, Poland continued to exist as a spiritual and cultural community, and a number of secret nationalist societies were created.

Mustafa Kamil had been a student activist in the 1890s involved in the creation of a secret nationalist society that called for British evacuation from Egypt.

Jacobitism lingered on for another century in the ideology of nationalist secret societies, but did not play an overt role again in Ireland.

But the various nationalist societies or the revolutionary purpose.

These events in Europe led Syrian nationalist societies like al-Fatat (the Young Arab Society) to make preparations for a national congress.

These Syrian nationalist societies advocated complete independence for an Arab Kingdom that united Arabs under Faisal.

Shūmei Ōkawa was a right-wing political philosopher, active in numerous Japanese nationalist societies in the 1920s.

Some nationalist secret societies took up ultranationalism, Japan-centred radical ideas.

Like many cultures in the world today, Bodos are also ethnocentric or nationalist society.

Nishida, a former army lieutenant and disciple of Kita, had become a prominent member of the civilian nationalist societies that proliferated from the late 1920s.