If drug treatment is found to be ineffective or causes disabling side effects for the patient, one of several neurosurgical procedures may be considered.

It was isolated from ventricular fluid from a patient who had a neurosurgical procedure.

It is used to visualise tumorous tissue in neurosurgical procedures.

Epilepsy surgery involves a neurosurgical procedure where an area of the brain involved in seizures is either resected, disconnected or stimulated.

He pioneered new methods of introducing surgical microinstruments into the brain through the skull base to remove tumors and perform other neurosurgical procedures.

He continued research on narcoanalysis and the use of targeted neurosurgical procedures in the management of chronic pain.

This property has been used for neurosurgical procedures in a variety of treatments, such as for Parkinson's disease, focal epilepsy and psychosurgery.

The former mentioned dementia and depression, while the latter gave detailed instructions for various neurosurgical procedures.

"Dad told me about all the lovely neurosurgical procedures I might be in for if the medication route doesn't work."

His team is doing "hands-on" training of doctors in Tanzania, empowering them with a high level of expertise in neurosurgical procedures.