Rising pro-independence sentiment among the Kanaks, and strong resistance to the idea among the non-indigenous population, set the scene for violent unrest in the mid-1980s.

As the non-indigenous population moved westward, the trail was used by soldiers, stage coach routes, the Pony Express, and was part of a migration route to California.

All the socioeconomic indicators such as income, employment, housing, education and health show considerable disparities between Australia's Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations.

The San Gabriel Valley in California has a large, non-indigenous population of naturalized parrots.

In all states indigenous people have higher infant mortality, in some states almost double of the non-indigenous populations.

Statistics show that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have a lower life expectancy and higher rates of disease and injury than the non-indigenous population.

Pasadena has a large, non-indigenous population of naturalized parrots.

Health problems with the highest disparity (compared with the non-Indigenous population) in incidenceAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare.

However, the concentration of the majority of the non-indigenous population on the coast means that Amerindians form a demographic majority in many parts of the interior.

In 1875, the tribes constituted 63.77% of the population of the region, indicating significant presence of non-indigenous population, mainly Bengali.