There, a hodgepodge of history and geography has been replaced by the study of history from A.D. 500 to 1789, with a focus on non-Western civilizations.

They must also take two more courses about non-Western civilizations.

He has attempted to reshape the Core Curriculum of Columbia College to include Great Books classes devoted to non-Western civilizations.

At the same time, a return to the roots phenomenon is occurring among non-Western civilizations.

He offers three forms of general actions that non-Western civilization can take in response to Western countries.

Queens College requires liberal arts and science students to take a three-credit course in preindustrial or non-Western civilizations.

Dated 1852 and consisting in part of portraits taken in Egypt and Nubia, they are among the earliest surviving photographs of non-Western civilization.

Two years ago, after a long and heated internal debate, Hunter officials adopted a multicultural curriculum emphasizing the contributions of minority groups, women and non-Western civilizations.

"There are some who argue that Columbia's core curriculum is a self-enclosed thing which excludes the study of non-Western civilizations," he said.

Another growing area of interest is non-Western civilizations.