A recent study of mitochondrial and nuclear markers supports the separation of Tachymarptis and Apus.

Features are either generic features from computer vision, such as Haralick texture features or features specially designed to capture biological factors (e.g., co-localization with a nuclear marker being a typical example).

As the imaging of a nuclear marker is common across many images, a widely used protocol is to segment the nuclei.

Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae.

They encountered 73 mitochondrial lineages separated by an average of 4% sequence divergence and, as these lineages are supported by collateral ecological information, and, where tested, by independent nuclear markers (28S and ITS1), the authors therefore viewed these lineages as provisional species.

However, such a placement is partially supported by an alternative molecular phylogeny that is based on a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers and that recovered a group comprising pygmy pipehorses and several pipefishes as a sister lineage of Hippocampus.

Its closest relative is not known as there are some incongruences between chloroplastic and nuclear molecular markers.

In 2010, a study by Bridgett vonHoldt et al., using a larger data set of nuclear markers, pointed to the Middle East as the source of most of the genetic diversity in the domestic dog and a more likely origin of domestication events.

Gnathothlibus collardi was described as a species, but by combining barcodes, morphology and a nuclear marker, research has shown that it is actually an F1 hybrid between two closely related species.

New evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers.