The 'villa' style of treatment, with smaller and more open wards, was also one of his innovations.

This hospital had two open wards for both men and women, four private rooms, and a surgical amphitheater.

Patients of open wards can walk about freely within the hospital compound.

This broke the tradition of large open wards, which were common at the time.

Both hospitals still house patients in large open wards.

For both patients and staff alike, the experience was marked by open wards with no privacy, broken systems and non-functioning air conditioning in the summer.

Doctors and public health officials have long complained about the open wards, where as many as 16 beds are arranged in rows.

This problem has become more obvious as hospitals have increasingly adopted the policy of having open wards.

Heart attack victims need not recline in bed and wait to die in comparatively inexpensive open wards.