In order to switch to extrusion mode, organic phase is pumped into the system.

The catalyst functions like a detergent for solubilizing the salts into the organic phase.

There is less cross-contamination from the organic phase in the aqueous phase.

If the complex has no electrical charge it will be extracted relatively easily into the organic phase.

The two layers formed are usually known as the organic and aqueous phases.

This is a charged species that transfers another ion to the organic phase.

The organic phase may then be treated to make it ready for use again.

The water generated during the reaction floats on top of the organic phase.

This would "push" the dye from the water phase into the organic phase.

Essentially pure product is obtained by vacuum distillation of the neutralized organic phase.