Dresdner Bank is the latest of several German companies to hire outside scholars to research their wartime history.

There is also an active program of public lectures by outside scholars and shop-talks by fellows.

Registrars may also answer public inquiries and assist curators and outside scholars in using collections.

Moreover, according to outside scholars, 60 percent of the new villages were on semiarid land unsuitable for long-term cultivation.

Some outside scholars examining the system in depth disagree with the "official" results.

The choice of what to sell was based on recommendations from outside scholars hired to evaluate the collection.

Until recently, few other outside scholars had seen the manuscripts.

Yet only recently have outside scholars begun to appreciate the role they have played.

In the latter case, the submission becomes subject to review by outside scholars of the editor's choosing who typically remain anonymous.

The pressure increased after 1993, when a committee of outside scholars from the finest universities in the country reviewed the performance of the institute's academic departments.