When participants rate themselves on these questions, they are given a 4-point frequency scale.

Participants rated their fear and desire to get away from the photo.

Participants then read cases and rated each case on several questions about punishment.

Faces flashed for 100ms and then the participants rated them.

Participants rated the authors earlier in terms of their literary standing.

Then after the experimental treatment, the participants rated their pain in a standard questionnaire.

Afterward, the participants rated the rapport they developed during their conversation.

Participants rated each combination on 32 adjectives related to social perceptions.

After viewing each work, participants rated their liking and emotional reactions to the works.