Where a special intention is necessary to constitute a particular offence, drunkenness might reduce the crime from a more serious to a less serious one.

There is no objective formula for deciding what tariff of punishment should be attached to a particular offence.

In England and Wales, the types of sentence that may be imposed for a particular offence are specified by statute.

Judges in the Crown Court can impose life imprisonments and there is no fine limit for particular offences.

By specifying maximum sentences for particular offences, Parliament indicates its view of the seriousness of the offence.

Article 4 prohibits the re-trial of anyone who has already been finally acquitted or convicted of a particular offence (Double jeopardy).

Once again, consistency is a proper starting-point for critical appraisal, but it is important to examine any special circumstances attendant on particular offences.

Whether or not it does so will depend on the particular offence in question.

To be an unemployed man without an identity card in the New Town was no particular offence, even when a car bomb had been detonated.

While some Member States have specified particular environmental offences in their criminal law, this is not the case with others.