"We cannot permit employers who break the law to eat away at the rights of all workers by hiring illegal workers and paying them subminimum wages and getting an unfair competitive advantage."

For a price, they permitted employers to flourish and corrupt union leaders to remain in office.

Contrasting Arguments Labor unions, consumer groups and some organizations representing elderly people say that pension plans would be weakened by any change permitting employers to withdraw money for their own purposes.

There is, then, reason for Congress to consider permitting employers to pay $5.15 for recent welfare recipients for, say, the first six months or so.

In the United States, such contracts were, until the 1930s, widely used by employers to prevent the formation of unions, most often by permitting employers to take legal action against union organizers.

Federal labor law permits private employers to impose such requirements, as a means of preventing strife between union and nonunion workers at the same construction site.

"Even in states that have historically permitted employers to lie," he said, "there's no guarantee that's going to be true 10 years from now."

The professor said that permitting employers to offer health insurance free of income and payroll taxes will cost the Federal budget about $46 billion in 1990.

Prior to the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Internal Revenue Service permitted employers to enact any maximum annual election for their employees.

This situation was due to an imbalance in the law which permitted employers to reject union recognition and employ strikebreakers (Taft and Ross, 1969:230).