As expected, the findings are less impressive when a placebo control and randomization are used.

They justified using a placebo control because there wasn't anything else.

This study was designed as a controlled clinical trial, incorporating a double blind placebo control.

Of those who removed the offending metals, 76% improved, but there was no placebo control.

They also measured some of the test subjects for blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature against a placebo control, but no statistically significant changes were seen.

Typically, pharmaceutical experiments in adults are designed with a placebo control: one group of patients gets the drug, the other a fake treatment.

If controlled studies are included, then these criteria should specify the acceptable control groups, e.g., placebo control or a standard treatment.

Whether, all things considered, a placebo control would have been ethical in this study of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is debatable.

For many, this means a placebo control.

A trial with the primary objective of showing that the response to the investigational product is superior to a comparative agent (active or placebo control).