My songs are shaped on pre-existing texts, sometimes centuries old and a hundred lines long, with voice, line and accompaniment unalterable.

In place of the author, the modern world presents us with a figure Barthes calls the "scriptor," whose only power is to combine pre-existing texts in new ways.

Literaturoper (literature opera, plural Literaturopern) is opera with music composed for a pre-existing text, as opposed to an opera with a libretto written specifically for the work.

These works combine either a pre-existing text or a historic figure with elements of genre fiction.

These include logic based systems that use segments of pre-existing text and/or data to assemble a new document.

Many of Ramirez Jonas' projects use pre-existing texts, models, or materials to reenact or prompt actions and reinsert himself into his own audience.

The pre-existing text I treat as a score: a diary, an old photo, a footpath, music, etc.

Quintilian's perspective was to see rhetoric as the science of the possible deviation from a given norm, or from a pre-existing text taken as a model.

A basic site, using a default template, can be uploaded to the server, configured and populated with pre-existing text within 20 minutes.

A further use for such a grille has been suggested: it is a method of generating pseudo-random sequences from a pre-existing text.