If we are to predict regional or global atmospheric phenomena on scales of minutes to millennia this information and understanding are crucial.
It explained all observed phenomena and it predicted new phenomena 2.
It can predict chemical phenomena that have not yet been observed.
While Maxwell's equation were immensely successful in predicting electromagnetic phenomena for most applications, there was still a feeling that they were somehow lacking.
General relativity not only predicts the bending of light, but also predicts several other phenomena.
It says that you can never predict certain phenomena at all.
Such development will involve supplementing the hard core with additional assumptions in an attempt to account for previously known phenomena and to predict novel phenomena.
By contrast, Ptolemaic astronomy had failed to predict novel phenomena throughout the Middle Ages.
However, we have to be careful with this because history does not report all the mathematical equations that did not ably predict phenomena.
This model predicts phenomena such as interference and diffraction, which are not explained by geometric optics.