Mr. Clinton sleeps with the head of his bed elevated to help prevent reflux of stomach acid into esophagus and into the vocal cords.

Some kind of valve or sphincter is likely present to prevent reflux of ingested blood.

It forms a valve, preventing reflux of duodenal bile, enzymes and stomach acid from entering the esophagus, where they can cause inflammation.

Single-system ureterocele Initial management is usually endoscopic incision of the ureterocele, which can be followed by surgical ureteric re-implantation to preserve renal function and prevent reflux.

It has been argued that compression of the abdomen increases the 'pinchcock' effect of the angular incisura and so it is possible that this manoeuvre could actually prevent reflux in some patients.

A partial fundoplication or "wrap" is generally added in order to prevent excessive reflux, which can cause serious damage to the esophagus over time.

Occasionally, surgery is recommended to prevent reflux and heartburn.

Heavy meals, lying down or bending over after eating should be avoided to help prevent reflux from occurring.

Definitive surgical treatment involves refashioning the lower end of the affected ureter so that a tunnelled reimplantation into the bladder can be done to prevent reflux.