If the economy does not properly revive before the election, or if the public sector cuts produce significant social upheaval, Miliband may not have to be an outstanding opposition leader to take advantage.

The 14th century had also produced upheaval in the Roman Catholic Church with the resolution of the Western Schism in the early part of the century, the controversies surrounding the papacies of the Renaissance era and new pressures brought by the invasions of Christendom by the burgeoning Ottoman Empire.

Apart from economics, the new legislation is producing upheaval in the Federal bureaucracy.

But, notes the paper, doing so would have spared Ocalan the death penalty he now faces, and hence might have produced far less domestic upheaval.

And economic depression in Latin America not only produces social upheaval and civil conflict, but also stimulates immigration, mostly northward, and tempts more and more officials and others into the illicit drug trade.

The wonder is that such economic havoc has not produced social upheaval.

The only thing of concern to him is 'the transition to the market economy' which, despite the fact that it has hardly got off the ground, has already produced human, economic and social upheaval which is evident to all and which the report cynically puts down to profit and loss?

Moving across the bay would produce little upheaval in Zito's life.