Anti-nuclear proliferation experts argue that more advanced computers will permit the design of more efficient and more compact weapons.

The Administration only published the first name on the list this year after Russia stunned proliferation experts by announcing that its nuclear weapons laboratories had acquired American supercomputers.

Thérèse Delpech, 63, French nuclear proliferation expert, apparent heart attack.

Mr. Glenn made his mark in the Senate as a nuclear proliferation expert.

But the Bush administration's new containment policy is coming under criticism from former United States officials and proliferation experts.

A C.I.A. official said on Wednesday that proliferation experts at the agency were skeptical of reports early last year that Iraq was seeking uranium from Niger for weapons.

"We didn't ignore the evidence - far from it," one senior proliferation expert inside the administration said.

Some proliferation experts welcomed the tough American resolution.

They were dissuaded by Alan Foley, a proliferation expert at the C.I.A.

Mr. Markey said that proliferation experts estimate that the new arrangement would allow India to produce as many as 50 nuclear warheads each year.