Poised between pressures, Wilson chose the lesser evil: the middle-class and provincial elites led by Carranza.

They were mostly members of the upwardly mobile and successful western-educated provincial elites, engaged in professions such as law, teaching and journalism.

Nevertheless, klephts and armatoloi formed a provincial elite, though not a social class whose members would muster under a common goal.

Therefore, opposition parties created strong ties with provincial elites.

These were the senators, equestrians and the provincial elite.

It was perceived as new, and at the same time allowed grand buildings that were to the taste of provincial elite.

He received strong backing from the middle and working classes as well as from the provincial elites.

Madero's proposal, in short, looked like something designed to serve the interests of provincial elites and speculators.

Virtually all of the Constitutionalist leaders came from the provincial and local elites in the north and the landowner class in the south.

The provincial and local elites who gained control after the violent confrontations of 1915 also wanted a broader polity, but under their control.