Simeon is a graduate of Columbia University's medical school, psychiatry residency and fellowship program, and psychoanalytic institute.

It generally does not include psychotherapists with other degrees, like master's degrees in social work or degrees from psychoanalytic institutes.

Previous novels have placed the watchful detective in a psychoanalytic institute, a university literature department, a circle of classical musicians, a neighborhood of immigrants and a kibbutz.

Dr. Fleischmann, head of the psychoanalytic institute was doing psychotherapy behind a one-way vision screen, in full view of all the students.

"It became part of the curriculum of every psychoanalytic institute; not just in America, but around the world."

In 1971 he was certified as a clinical psychoanalyst, a rare achievement at a time when most psychoanalytic institutes trained physicians only.

The psychoanalytic institute closed in 2001.

He earned a Master of Social Work degree and then studied at a psychoanalytic institute, launching a successful career as a psychoanalyst.

In 1996, for example, the latest year for which the association has figures, 381 of 990 candidates training in 29 psychoanalytic institutes around the country did not have medical degrees.

The psychologists' suit also charged that the psychoanalytic institutes were violating Federal antitrust statutes by allowing only psychiatrists to be admitted for training, unfairly preventing competition.